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34 Finnair Group From the standpoint of sustainable development, flying is easily the best form of transport for long journeys. With three kilometres of runway, one can travel anywhere in the world. How far can one travel with the same length of road or rail? "Very little infrastructure is needed for flying, unlike road and rail, which need networks covering the whole journey. Very few non-renewable resources are consumed," says Korhola. Further information on the emissions of different means of transport can be reliably obtained from the website of VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland's unit emissions project http://lipasto.vtt. fi/ or from the MIPS Transport project http:// www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?contentid=178552 I n additions to emissions, consumption of natural resources loads the environment. Huge amounts of energy in the form of materials and construction are consumed in the building and maintenance of transport infrastructure, such as roads and railways. In addition, infrastructure occupies land area, which threatens biodiversity. Finland has 75 kilometres of runway, along which more than 17 million people travelled to different parts of the world in 2007. Finland also has 6,000 kilometres of railway track, on which fewer than 13 million long-distance passengers (not including traffic within the Helsinki Metropolitan Area) travelled during the same year. Domestic air transport in Finland consumes an average of 0.6 kilograms of non-renewable resources per passenger kilometre. In rail transport the corresponding figure for non-renewable resources is 1.2 kilograms. In Finland, passenger car traffic consumes most non-renewable resources of all, 1.5 kilograms per passenger kilometre. "In terms of the debate on the climatic impact of flying in the northern hemisphere, new voices are being heard that state that there is still much research to be done on the environmental effects. It has been proposed that in the northern hemisphere, flying may not promote climate warming; on the contrary, it may lead to climate cooling. It would be important, for example, to obtain a more exact picture of the effects of vapour trails in different conditions. Then air traffic could be directed to such routes and altitudes where vapour trails do not form, or where there they only have an insignificant warming effect on the climate or, in the best case, possibly even a slightly cooling effect," says Finnair's VP Sustainable Development Kati Ihamäki. All of the mechanisms and their joint effects on climate warming are therefore not yet known and there are many different scenarios. Research on the environmental effects of human activity is very important so that the right actions can be taken on time for the good of the environment. Have a look at Finnair's emissions calculator at the address http://www.finnair.fi/paastolaskuri/ index_en.html Very little infrastructure is needed for flying, unlike road and rail, which need networks covering the whole journey. as a result, less non-renewable resources are consumed.
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